Sarah Redfern High School

Strength through Learning

Telephone02 9820 1566

Emailsarahredfe-h.school@det.nsw.edu.au

Human society and its environment

In human society and its environment (HSIE), both subjects of history and geography are mandatory from Kindergarten to Year 10.

Students learn specific historical and geographical concepts and skills in history and geography. They also have an opportunity to learn more about people and the societies and environments in which they live through elective subjects in Years 7 to 10 (Stages 4 to 5).

A large number of individual subjects make up the key learning area of HSIE in which students:

  • research, gather and analyse information
  • question and make judgements
  • write for a variety of purposes. 

In Year 11 and 12, students can choose from a range of HSIE courses. These include:

  • Aboriginal Studies
  • Ancient History
  • Business Studies
  • Economics
  • Geography
  • History Extension
  • Legal Studies
  • Modern History
  • Society and Culture
  • Studies of Religion.

The aim of the Human Society and Its Environment syllabuses is to provide opportunities for students to learn about Aboriginal Studies, Business and Economics, Citizenship and Legal Studies, Geography, History and Society and Culture. Through their studies, students will develop an appreciation of diversity, informed citizenship and intercultural understanding.


Mandatory Geography allows students to develop interest and enjoyment for the interaction of the physical and human environments. Students will develop geographic knowledge, skills, understanding, values and attitudes in order to engage in the community as informed and active citizens.


The two key dimensions forming the basis of Geography studies are spatial dimension (ie where things are and why they are there) and ecological dimension, which is how humans interact with environments. In Australian Geography, students learn about the interaction of human and physical geography in a local context.


The mandatory History course develops a young person's interest in and enjoyment of exploring the past by providing opportunities for examining events, people and societies from ancient, medieval and modern times and twentieth century Australia.


Students explore the nature of history, how historians investigate the past and the importance of conserving our heritage. Aspects of the ancient and medieval world are studied, including origins and daily life of the ancient world along with the beliefs and values of medieval societies.


Significant developments in Australia's social, political and cultural history, including Federation, the Vietnam War era and our international relations are studied. The nature of colonisation and contact history is also examined, as are the changing rights and freedoms of Aboriginal peoples and other groups in Australia.